Ancillary Services via Flexible Photovoltaic/Wind Systems and “Implicit” Storage to Balance Demand and Supply

Achieving the European Union renewable energy source penetration 2030 targets requires an increase in flexible resources to compensate for variability/intermittency of solar and wind generation ensure system safety balancing. Herein, two readily deployable flexibility solutions balance demand/supply as alternative building additional thermoelectric reserves are proposed. How transmission OPERATOR can use ancillary services provided by a photovoltaic (PV) fleet (solar regulation) or PV/wind (variable (VRE) together with suitable underforecast proactive curtailment variable (aka, implicit storage) reduce current future Italian imbalances is shown. these become even more effective when combined strengthening grid The imbalance reduction achievable through solar/VRE regulation strategies would be order 20–50% zonal balancing 27–80% nationwide found. Imbalance costs remain comparable business‐as‐usual (thermal generation) costs. A 5–17% total VRE environmental cost stabilizing using plants, avoiding construction reserves.